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Civil aviation is a wonder of technology and design, and aircraft manufacturing is the heart of the global transportation system. Planes crafted worldwide, from the USA to Russia, Brazil to Europe, shrink distances, connect continents, and unite people and cultures. Each model – from compact regional jets to massive intercontinental airliners – blends engineering brilliance with the aesthetics of the sky. My collection of drawn airliners, from timeless classics to cutting-edge modern designs, reflects the diversity and beauty of civil aviation. Welcome to my airliners gallery!

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
(French writer and pilot)
(From "Wind, Sand and Stars")

Airliners Gallery

The Learjet 25, a star of the 1960s business aviation scene, evolved from the Learjet 24. Its first flight roared into history on August 12, 1966, with production kicking off in 1967. Designed for swift VIP transport, corporate trips, and charters. Powered by General Electric CJ610−6 engines, it’s renowned for speed and agility. The 25D variant (1976) extended range and boosted fuel efficiency, cementing its legacy. Compact yet reliable, the Learjet 25 remains an icon of its era.

Technical Specifications

Length: 47 ft 7 in / 14.50 m
Wingspan: 35 ft 7 in / 10.85 m
Height: 12 ft 3 in / 3.73 m
Passenger Capacity: Up to 8 passengers
Takeoff Weight: 15,000 lb / 6,804 kg
Range: 1,535 nmi / 1,767 mi / 2.844 km
Cruising Speed: 0.81 M / 464 kn / 534 mph / 859 km/h

Technical Specifications

Length: 58 ft 0 in / 17.58 m
Wingspan: 47 ft 10 in / 14.58 m
Height: 14 ft 1 in / 4.31 m
Passenger Capacity: Up to 8 passengers
Takeoff Weight: 21,500 lb / 8,752 kg
Range: 2,090 nmi / 2,405 mi / 3,870 km
Cruising Speed: 0.757 M / 804 km/h / 510 mph / 445 kn

The LearJet 45, launched by Bombardier Aerospace in 1998, is a versatile business jet with a top speed of 860 km/h and a range of about 4,000 km. Its luxurious cabin, seating 8−9 passengers with leather seats, is perfect for executive travel. Beyond business aviation, the LearJet 45 excels in medical evacuations, equipped for emergency patient transport, as well as cargo charters, aerial photography, and even military training missions. Powered by two reliable Honeywell TFE731−20 engines and equipped with advanced avionics, it’s a flexible workhorse for diverse tasks.

The first version of the Tu-154 model appeared in my collection in 2015. From time to time, I made some adjustments, refining and correcting certain aspects. As time passed, I mastered new techniques, developed my own approaches, and software capabilities evolved. Most importantly, I gained experience. After ten years, the model was practically begging for an update to meet modern standards. Delaying further was no longer an option.

Before you is a completely redrawn Tu-154M and Tu-154B aircraft models created from scratch. By combining various image creation techniques, I was able to more accurately depict even the smallest details and add depth. As a result, the models now looks far more realistic.

French Aérospatiale and British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) were pivotal in 20th-century aviation. Aérospatiale, formed in 1970 by merging French firms, excelled in military and civil aircraft engineering. BAC, established in 1960, consolidated British companies like Vickers and Bristol, leading in innovative aircraft, including fighters and airliners. In 1962, they partnered to develop the supersonic Concorde. Combining resources and expertise, Aérospatiale designed the fuselage and wings, while BAC handled engines and the tail. This collaboration, a precursor to Airbus, marked a milestone in European aviation cooperation.

Concorde, born from Aérospatiale and BAC’s partnership, was the world’s first supersonic passenger jet. Its maiden flight occurred in 1969, with commercial service starting in 1976. Capable of Mach 2.04, it halved transatlantic flight times. Its sleek delta-wing design and Olympus engines made it an aviation icon. Despite high costs and noise issues limiting its market, Concorde flew for Air France and British Airways until 2003. It showcased a technological leap and Franco-British ambition.

Concorde 101

Airbus, founded in 1970, embodies European collaboration in aerospace. Formed as a consortium of French, German, British, and Spanish manufacturers, it aimed to challenge American giants like Boeing. Headquartered in Toulouse, France, Airbus operates production facilities across Europe. Renowned for innovation, it pioneered fly-by-wire technology with the A320, revolutionizing aircraft control. Airbus is committed to sustainability, exploring hydrogen-powered engines and eco-friendly solutions. Today, it stands as one of the world’s leading commercial aircraft manufacturers, delivering airliners globally. Airbus’s success stems from cooperation, engineering excellence, and strategic vision.

The Airbus A220 family, originally developed as the Bombardier CSeries, joined Airbus’s portfolio in 2018. Comprising the A220-100 and A220-300 models, these aircraft seat 100−150 passengers. Renowned for efficiency and comfort, they feature Pratt & Whitney PW1500G engines, offering up to 20% fuel savings compared to peers. Ideal for regional routes, the A220 boasts a range of up to 6,700 km. Advanced technologies and low operating costs make it a favorite among airlines like Air Canada and Swiss. The A220 has solidified Airbus’s presence in the regional jet market.

A220-300

A220-100

The Airbus A300, launched in 1974, was Airbus’s first aircraft, laying the foundation for the company’s success. This wide-body jet, designed for 250−300 passengers, served medium- and long-haul routes with a range of up to 7,500 km. Powered by General Electric CF6 or Pratt & Whitney JT9D engines, the A300 offered efficiency and reliability, competing with American rivals. Its spacious cabin and large cargo hold made it popular with both passenger and cargo airlines, such as FedEx. The A300 introduced innovations, including a twin-engine layout for wide-body aircraft, setting a new standard. Around 560 units were produced, and while passenger versions are phasing out, cargo A300s remain in service, highlighting the durability of this trailblazer.

A300-600

A300B-4

The Airbus A320 family, launched in 1988, is one of aviation’s most successful lines. Comprising the A318, A319, A320, and A321, it accommodates 100−240 passengers. The A320 pioneered fly-by-wire technology, enhancing control and safety. Fuel-efficient engines like CFM56 and V2500, and in the neo series, PW1100G and LEAP-1A, reduce fuel consumption by up to 20%. Versatile for short- and medium-haul routes, the A320 offers a range of up to 6,100 km. Its spacious cabin and modular design have made it a favorite among airlines like Lufthansa and EasyJet. With over 11,000 units produced, the A320 family remains a global benchmark in the narrow-body aircraft market.

A321

A320

A319

The Airbus A330 family, launched in 1994, is a cornerstone of Airbus’s wide-body lineup. Including the A330-200, A330-300, and later the A330neo, it seats 250−300 passengers with a range of up to 13,400 km. Powered by Rolls-Royce Trent, General Electric CF6, or Pratt & Whitney PW4000 engines (Trent 7000 for neo), A330s offer fuel efficiency and reliability. Their versatility supports both regional and transoceanic flights, making them favorites among airlines like Delta and Turkish Airlines. The spacious cabin and low operating costs drive the A330's success. Over 1,500 units have been produced, including cargo and military variants, underscoring the family’s flexibility and longevity.

A330-900

A330-300

A330F

A330-200

The Airbus A340 family, launched in 1993, was designed for long-haul flights. Comprising the A340−200, -300, -500, and -600 models, it seats 250−370 passengers with a range of up to 16,600 km. Powered by four CFM56 or Rolls-Royce Trent 500 engines, the A340 offered reliability on transcontinental routes, especially over oceans where twin-engine aircraft faced restrictions. Its spacious cabin and comfort made it popular with airlines like Lufthansa and Virgin Atlantic. Though overtaken by more efficient twin-engine jets, the A340's impact on long-haul travel is significant. Around 380 units were produced, with some still in use, particularly in cargo and VIP configurations, highlighting the family’s enduring legacy.

A340-600

A340-300

The Airbus A350 family, launched in 2015, represents the pinnacle of Airbus technology. Comprising the A350-900 and A350-1000 models, it seats 300−410 passengers with a range of up to 18,000 km. Powered by Rolls-Royce Trent XWB engines, the A350 achieves up to 25% fuel savings thanks to composite materials, which make up over 50% of the structure, and aerodynamic design. The spacious cabin, with larger windows, improved air quality, and lower noise levels, enhances passenger comfort. The A350 is ideal for ultra-long-haul routes, serving airlines like Qatar Airways and Singapore Airlines. Innovations, such as adaptive wings, have solidified its status as a key competitor to Boeing’s 787. Over 600 units have been produced, underscoring its success.

A350-1000

A350-900

The Airbus A380, launched in 2007, is the world’s largest passenger aircraft. This double-deck jet accommodates up to 853 passengers in a single-class layout and has a range of up to 15,200 km. Powered by Rolls-Royce Trent 900 or Engine Alliance GP7200 engines, the A380 combines power with efficiency, offering low per-seat costs. Its spacious cabin, with wide aisles, lounges, and luxury features like bars and showers, made flights unforgettable for passengers of airlines like Emirates and Singapore Airlines. Despite its popularity with travelers, high operating costs and a limited market led to production ending in 2021. With 251 units built, the A380 remains a symbol of Airbus’s ambition.

A380

The Antonov Design Bureau, founded in 1946 by Oleg Antonov, became an iconic name in aviation. Initially established in Novosibirsk, it later relocated to Kyiv, evolving into a hub of innovation. The bureau specialized in developing transport and specialized aircraft, renowned for their reliability and ability to operate in challenging conditions. Antonov made significant contributions to Soviet and post-Soviet aviation, collaborating with international companies and adopting advanced technologies, such as composite materials. Its projects earned global recognition for engineering excellence and unique design solutions, cementing its reputation as a leader in the field.

The An-12, developed by the Antonov Design Bureau and first flown in 1957, became one of the Soviet Union’s most iconic transport aircraft. This four-engine turboprop, powered by AI-20 engines, can carry up to 20 tons of cargo or 90 passengers over a range of 5,700 km. The An-12 is renowned for its robust design, reliability, and ability to operate in harsh conditions, including unpaved runways. Widely used for military and civilian purposes, from equipment transport to humanitarian missions, its versatility and durability made it popular in dozens of countries, including India and China. Although production ended in 1973, many An-12s remain in service, solidifying its reputation as a "sky truck."

An-12

The An-24 family, developed by the Antonov Design Bureau, began with the An-24, first flown in 1959. This turboprop, powered by AI-24 engines, carries up to 50 passengers over 2,400 km, known for reliability on short routes and unpaved runways. The An-26 (1969), a cargo variant with a rear ramp, is popular for military and civilian operations. The An-30 (1974), designed for aerial photography, features specialized equipment for cartography. The An-32 (1976), adapted for hot climates and high altitudes with upgraded AI-20D engines, is widely used in India. Renowned for simplicity and versatility, these aircraft have served dozens of countries. Many remain in operation, highlighting the family’s durability and practicality.

An-26

An-24

The An-124 "Ruslan," developed by the Antonov Design Bureau and first flown in 1982, remains one of the world’s largest cargo aircraft. Powered by four D-18T engines, it can carry up to 150 tons of cargo over 5,400 km. Designed to transport heavy military equipment, the An-124 also serves civilian needs, delivering oversized loads like satellites and industrial machinery. Its unique design, featuring nose and tail ramps, enables loading of bulky items. Operated in Russia, Ukraine, and other countries, it handles specialized tasks, including humanitarian missions. With around 55 units produced, the An-124 continues to demonstrate exceptional reliability and power.

An-124

ATR (Avions de Transport Régional), founded in 1981 by Aérospatiale (now Airbus, France) and Aeritalia (now Leonardo, Italy), is a leading turboprop aircraft manufacturer. Headquartered in Toulouse, France, ATR distributes production: fuselages and tails are built in Naples, wings in Bordeaux, and final assembly in Toulouse. Specializing in regional turboprop aircraft, ATR combines efficiency and reliability. The company dominates the regional turboprop market, having delivered around 1,700 aircraft to over 200 operators across across 100 countries. ATR actively pursues eco-friendly innovations, including biofuel compatibility, and continues to advance regional aviation technology.

The ATR 42 and ATR 72, developed by the Franco-Italian company ATR, are leading turboprop aircraft for regional transport. The ATR 42, first flown in 1984, seats up to 50 passengers with a range of 1,500 km. The ATR 72, launched in 1988, accommodates 78 passengers with a similar range. Both are powered by Pratt & Whitney PW120 (ATR 42) or PW127 (ATR 72) engines, offering up to 30% fuel savings compared to jet equivalents. Their ability to operate from short and unpaved runways makes them ideal for small airports. Spacious cabins and low noise levels enhance passenger comfort. Used by airlines like IndiGo and Azul in over 100 countries, over 1,700 units have been produced, underscoring their success.

ATR-72

ATR-42

Boeing, founded in 1916 by William Boeing, has become synonymous with commercial aviation through its iconic aircraft. The journey began with the Boeing 707, the first successful jet airliner, which revolutionized air travel in the 1950s by making it more accessible. In the 1960s, the Boeing 727 and 737 became benchmarks for short- and medium-haul flights, valued for their reliability and efficiency. The game-changer came with the 747 Jumbo Jet, introduced in 1970, which ushered in the era of long-haul travel.

In the 1990s, the Boeing 777 expanded possibilities for transcontinental flights, while the 787 Dreamliner, launched in 2011, set new standards with its composite materials and fuel efficiency. These aircraft have solidified Boeing’s leadership, connecting continents and making air travel more accessible. The company continues to innovate, focusing on sustainability and passenger comfort.

The Boeing 717, originally developed as the MD-95 under McDonnell Douglas, joined the Boeing family after the 1997 merger. This narrow-body jet, introduced in 1999, was designed for regional routes, accommodating up to 134 passengers. Powered by Rolls-Royce BR715 engines, it stands out for its fuel efficiency and low noise levels, making it a favorite for short- to medium-haul flights.

Inheriting the reliability and economy of the DC-9 family, the 717 features a modern cockpit with advanced avionics. Its compact size and ability to serve smaller airports made it ideal for regional carriers like Volotea and Hawaiian Airlines. Although production ended in 2006, the Boeing 717 remains in demand for its versatility and passenger comfort, continuing to connect cities worldwide.

717

The Boeing 727, introduced in 1963, became one of the most successful narrow-body airliners in commercial aviation history. Designed for short- to medium-haul flights, it could carry up to 189 passengers and was Boeing’s first trijet, with three engines mounted at the rear. This configuration offered a unique blend of power and the ability to operate from short runways, enabling service to smaller airports.

Renowned for its versatility and reliability, the 727 became a cornerstone for airlines like United Airlines and American Airlines. Its advanced avionics for the era and fuel efficiency made it a popular choice for regional and international routes. Although production ceased in 1984, the Boeing 727 left a lasting legacy in aviation, with variants used even in cargo operations.

727-200

727-100

The Boeing 737, introduced in 1968, became the best-selling commercial airliner in history. The original models, 737-100 and -200, were designed for short- to medium-haul flights, accommodating up to 124 passengers. They featured a simple, reliable design and fuel-efficient Pratt & Whitney JT8D engines. The -200, more popular, offered enhanced short-runway performance, making it a favorite for airlines like Lufthansa and United Airlines.

The Classic series (737-300, -400, -500), launched in the 1980s, modernized the lineup. Equipped with CFM56 engines, these aircraft provided improved fuel efficiency and greater capacity (up to 188 passengers in the -400). Advanced avionics and enhanced cabin interiors boosted passenger comfort. These models solidified the 737's role as an airline workhorse, serving routes worldwide.

737-400

737-300

737-500

737-200

The Boeing 737 Next Generation (NG) series, launched in the 1990s, includes the 737-600, -700, -800, and -900 models, reinforcing the 737's dominance in commercial aviation. Designed for short- to medium-haul flights, these aircraft feature advanced CFM56-7 engines, offering improved fuel efficiency and lower noise levels. With capacities ranging from 108 passengers in the -600 to 215 in the -900ER, the series is versatile for various routes.

The NG series boasts a modern glass cockpit with digital displays, enhanced aerodynamics, and new winglets that reduce fuel consumption. The models, particularly the -800, became favorites among airlines like Southwest and Ryanair for their reliability and cost-effectiveness. The Boeing 737 NG continues to lead the market, connecting cities and providing comfort for millions of passengers.

737-900

737-800

737-700

The Boeing 737 MAX series, launched in 2017, represents the latest evolution of the 737 family, encompassing the -7, -8, -9, and -10 models. Designed for short- to medium-haul flights, these aircraft feature CFM International LEAP-1B engines, delivering up to 14% fuel savings compared to their predecessors. With capacities ranging from 138 passengers in the -7 to 204 in the -10, the MAX series is versatile for various routes.

The 737 MAX boasts advanced avionics, including large cockpit displays, and aerodynamic enhancements like new winglets. These aircraft have gained popularity among airlines such as American Airlines and Ryanair for their comfort and efficiency. The MAX series continues to strengthen Boeing’s position, offering cutting-edge technology for a sustainable future in aviation.

737-9

737-8

The Boeing 747, introduced in 1970, became an aviation icon, dubbed the "Jumbo Jet." The 747-100, -200, and -300 models, forming the Classic series, transformed long-haul travel. The 747-100, the first in the lineup, accommodated up to 452 passengers and was powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D engines. Its massive size and range made intercontinental flights mainstream, bolstering airlines like Pan Am.

The -200, launched in 1971, featured improved engines and increased takeoff weight, expanding its capabilities. The 747-300, released in 1983, offered an extended upper deck and higher capacity, up to 660 passengers. These aircraft were renowned for their spacious cabins and reliability, becoming symbols of aviation’s golden age and a backbone for many global carriers' fleets.

747-200

747-100

747SP

The modern Boeing 747 models — 747-400, -400F, -747-8i, and -8f — continue the legendary legacy of the "Jumbo Jet." The 747-400, introduced in 1989, became the most popular in the series, accommodating up to 660 passengers. It featured advanced engines, a glass cockpit, and winglets that enhanced fuel efficiency. The 747-400F, a freighter variant, gained fame for its capacity and nose door, ideal for oversized cargo.

The Boeing 747-8, launched in 2011, includes the passenger -8i and freighter -8f. These models are powered by GEnx-2B engines, offering improved fuel economy and reduced noise. An extended fuselage and modern avionics keep them competitive. Used by airlines like Lufthansa and Korean Air, these aircraft continue to dominate long-haul and cargo transport, maintaining their status as aviation icons.

747-8f

747-8i

747-400F

747-400

The Boeing 757, introduced in 1983, became one of the most versatile narrow-body airliners in aviation history. Designed for medium- to long-haul flights, it accommodates 200 to 295 passengers, depending on configuration. Powered by Rolls-Royce RB211 or Pratt & Whitney PW2000 engines, the 757 offers high fuel efficiency and performance, enabling operations on challenging routes, including high-altitude airports.

The 757-200 and -300 (an extended variant) feature modern avionics and spacious cabins, making them favorites among airlines like Delta Air Lines and United Airlines. Ideal for transatlantic flights and high-density routes, the 757 excels in flexibility. Although production ended in 2004, the Boeing 757 remains in demand for its reliability and versatility, continuing to serve in both passenger and cargo operations.

757-300

757-200

The Boeing 767, introduced in 1982, pioneered wide-body aircraft for medium- to long-haul flights. Designed to carry 181 to 375 passengers, it is ideal for transatlantic routes. Powered by General Electric CF6 or Pratt & Whitney JT9D engines, the 767 combines fuel efficiency with high performance. Its twin-engine design made it a cost-effective alternative to larger airliners.

The 767-200, -300, and -400 models feature spacious cabins and modern avionics, earning popularity with airlines like Delta Air Lines and United Airlines. The 767-300F freighter version is widely used for logistics. The Boeing 767 remains in demand for its versatility and reliability, continuing to play a key role in global aviation.

767-400

767-300

767-200

The Boeing 777, introduced in 1995, became one of the most successful wide-body airliners for long-haul flights. Nicknamed the "Triple Seven," it accommodates 314 to 550 passengers and is powered by robust General Electric GE90, Pratt & Whitney PW4000, or Rolls-Royce Trent 800 engines. Its twin-engine design delivers exceptional fuel efficiency and a range of up to 17,000 km.

The 777-200, -200ER, -300, -300ER, and freighter 777F models feature advanced avionics, spacious cabins, and innovations like larger windows and improved soundproofing. In 2020, the 777X series was introduced with GE9X engines and folding wingtips, enhancing efficiency. Favored by airlines such as Emirates and United Airlines, the Boeing 777 continues to set standards for comfort and reliability in global aviation.

777-300

777-200

777F

The Boeing 787 Dreamliner, introduced in 2011, revolutionized wide-body aircraft for long-haul flights. With a capacity of 242 to 335 passengers, it combines innovation and efficiency. Powered by General Electric GEnx or Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engines, the 787 achieves up to 20% fuel savings through its composite fuselage and aerodynamic design.

The 787-8, -9, and -10 models offer extended range (up to 15,700 km) and advanced avionics. The Dreamliner enhances passenger comfort with larger windows, improved cabin pressure, and reduced noise levels. Popular with airlines like ANA and United Airlines, the Boeing 787 sets new standards for sustainability and convenience, solidifying Boeing’s position in modern aviation.

787-10

787-9

787-8

Bombardier Aviation, founded in 1986 as Bombardier Aerospace, emerged as a key player in aviation through acquisitions of Canadair, Learjet, and de Havilland Canada. Specializing in regional and business jets, it gained fame with models like the Canadair Regional Jet (CRJ) and the turboprop Dash 8 (Q Series). The CRJ, accommodating 50−100 passengers, became a standard for regional flights, while the Dash 8 is valued for its efficiency on short routes.

By acquiring the Global brand, Bombardier strengthened its position in the business jet market. The Challenger and Global series, including the Global 7500, stand out for their range and luxury. In 2020, the company exited commercial aviation, selling its CSeries and CRJ programs to focus on business aviation. Bombardier Aviation remains a symbol of Canadian engineering excellence, connecting the world with its aircraft.

The Dash 8, developed by de Havilland Canada and acquired by Bombardier in 1992, became a benchmark for turboprop aircraft in regional transport. Debuting in 1984, the Dash 8 (models Q100, Q200, Q300, and Q400) accommodates 37 to 90 passengers and is powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100 engines, ensuring efficiency on short routes.

The Q Series, with active noise suppression, gained acclaim for comfort and low noise levels. The Q400, the largest model, stands out for its jet-like speed. Valued for their ability to operate on short runways, serving small airports, Dash 8s are popular with airlines like Porter Airlines and QantasLink. The program was sold to Longview Aviation Capital in 2019. Production of the Q400 ended in 2021, but De Havilland Canada continues to support the fleet, maintaining its role in regional aviation.

Dash 8-400

Dash 8-300

Dash 8-100 / -200

The Canadair Regional Jet (CRJ) series, developed by Bombardier Aerospace, became an iconic family of regional aircraft, debuting in 1992. Based on the Challenger business jet, the CRJ100 and CRJ200, with a capacity of 50 passengers, set standards for regional travel.

The series later expanded with the CRJ700, CRJ900, and CRJ1000, accommodating 66 to 104 passengers. These models featured extended fuselages, enhanced avionics, and more comfortable cabins, enabling longer routes. CRJs are valued for their ability to operate at smaller airports. The CRJ program was sold to Mitsubishi in 2020, with production ending in 2021 after 1,945 aircraft were built. Today, Mitsubishi supports the existing fleet, preserving the CRJ’s legacy in aviation.

CRJ1000

CRJ900

CRJ700

CRJ100 / -200

British Aerospace (BAe), founded in 1977, became the UK’s largest aerospace firm through the merger of British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, and other companies. Headquartered in Farnborough, England, BAe focused on military and civil aircraft, including the Harrier and Tornado. In 1994, BAe established Avro International Aerospace to produce the Avro RJ regional jets, based on the BAe 146. In 1999, BAe merged with Marconi Electronic Systems to form BAE Systems, Europe’s leading defense contractor. BAe played a pivotal role in European consortia like Airbus and Eurofighter, strengthening Britain’s position in global aviation.

The BAe 146, developed by British Aerospace and first flown in 1981, is a regional jet renowned for its quiet operation and versatility. The family includes the BAe 146-100, -200, and -300 models, seating 70–112 passengers with a range of up to 3,000 km. Powered by four Lycoming ALF 502 engines (later Honeywell LF 507), they produce low noise, making them ideal for urban airports like London City. The BAe 146 can operate from short runways, serving regional routes. Its successors, the Avro RJ, feature improved engines and avionics. Used by airlines such as Swiss and CityJet, around 400 units, including cargo variants, were produced, highlighting the BAe 146’s success in the regional aviation niche.

BAe 146-300 / RJ100

BAe 146-200 / RJ85

Cessna Aircraft Company, founded in 1927 by Clyde Cessna in Wichita, Kansas, is a global leader in general aviation aircraft. Specializing in light aircraft and business jets, Cessna is renowned for reliability and affordability. The company developed over 50 models, including the iconic Citation series. Since 2007, Cessna has been part of Textron Aviation, enhancing its production capabilities. Manufacturing is centered in Wichita, with Cessna aircraft used for training, private flights, and commercial operations in over 100 countries. Innovations like integrated Garmin avionics have solidified its reputation. Cessna remains a symbol of quality and versatility in aviation.

The Cessna 208 Caravan, first flown in 1984, is a single-engine turboprop designed for versatility. Powered by a Pratt & Whitney PT6A engine, it carries up to 9 passengers or 1,360 kg of cargo over 2,000 km. Its rugged design enables operations from short and unpaved runways, ideal for regional flights and cargo transport. The Cessna 208B Grand Caravan, an extended version from 1986, accommodates up to 14 passengers or 1,587 kg of cargo. Both are popular with operators like FedEx Express and used for humanitarian missions and tourism. Modern Garmin G1000 avionics enhance their reliability. Over 3,000 units have been produced, underscoring the Caravan’s success.

208B

208

Douglas Aircraft Company, founded in 1921 by Donald Douglas in Santa Monica, California, became a cornerstone of U.S. aerospace. Specializing in military and civilian aircraft, it combined innovation with reliability. Its California facilities produced aircraft that gained global recognition. In 1967, Douglas merged with McDonnell Aircraft to form McDonnell Douglas, strengthening its market position. The company significantly contributed to aviation development, supplying aircraft to airlines and armed forces worldwide. In 1997, McDonnell Douglas joined Boeing, but Douglas’s legacy continues to shape modern aerospace engineering.

The Douglas DC-3, first flown in 1935, marked a turning point in aviation history. This twin-engine propeller aircraft, powered by Wright R-1820 Cyclone or Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engines (1,000–1,200 hp), carried 21–32 passengers or 2,700 kg of cargo over 2,400 km. With a speed of 333 km/h and short-runway capability, it became a favorite of airlines like American Airlines and the military (C-47 Skytrain). Renowned for reliability and versatility, the DC-3 shaped commercial aviation and played a key role in WWII. Over 16,000 units were built, many still flying today.

The Preferred Turbine-3 (DC-3-TP), a conversion by Greenwich Aircraft Corp, upgrades the DC-3 with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65AR or PT6A-67R turboprop engines, an extended fuselage, and modern avionics. This enhances fuel efficiency and performance for cargo missions in remote areas.

The Basler BT-67, developed by Basler Turbo Conversions since 1990, is another DC-3/C-47 upgrade. Equipped with PT6A-67R engines, a 1 m fuselage extension, reinforced wings, and Garmin G1000 avionics, it serves cargo, scientific, and military missions, including Antarctic flights. Over 65 units have been produced, proving the DC-3’s enduring relevance.

BT-67

PT-3TP

DC-3

Embraer S.A., founded in 1969 in São José dos Campos, Brazil, is the world’s third-largest manufacturer of civil aircraft after Boeing and Airbus. Established with government support to advance national aviation, it initially focused on military aircraft but expanded into regional jets in the 1980s. Privatized in 1994, Embraer solidified its market position with successful ERJ and E-Jet families. Its headquarters and main production facilities are in Brazil, with branches in the USA, China, and Europe. Renowned for innovations in fuel efficiency and advanced avionics, Embraer supplies aircraft to over 100 countries.

The Embraer ERJ family, launched in 1996, comprises the ERJ 135, ERJ 140, and ERJ 145 models, seating 37−50 passengers with a range of up to 3,700 km. Powered by Rolls-Royce AE 3007 engines, these jets are known for fuel efficiency and suitability for high-frequency regional routes. Designed for short runways, the ERJ is ideal for smaller airports. Advanced avionics and ergonomic cabins ensure comfort and safety. Used by airlines such as American Eagle and ExpressJet, the ERJ family has gained recognition in over 50 countries. With over 1,200 units produced, the ERJ underscores its success in regional aviation.

ERJ 145

ERJ 140

ERJ 135

The Embraer E-Jets family, launched in 2004, comprises the E170, E175, E190, and E195 models, seating 66−124 passengers with a range of up to 4,600 km. Powered by General Electric CF34 engines, these jets offer high fuel efficiency and performance. Designed for regional and inter-regional routes, E-Jets provide business-class comfort with spacious cabins and low noise levels. Advanced avionics and fly-by-wire technology enhance safety and handling. The updated E-Jets E2 series, introduced in 2018, features improved Pratt & Whitney PW1900G engines and aerodynamics. Operated by airlines like Azul and KLM Cityhopper in 70 countries, around 1,600 units have been produced, underscoring their success.

E 195-E2

E 195

E 190

E 175

E 170

Fairchild Aircraft, founded in 1925 by Sherman Fairchild in Farmingdale, New York, was a key player in U.S. aerospace. The company developed military, civilian, and transport aircraft, including the renowned A-10 Thunderbolt II. In 1965, Fairchild acquired Republic Aviation, expanding its portfolio. In 1996, Fairchild purchased Germany’s Dornier Luftfahrt GmbH, forming the Fairchild Dornier joint venture. Based in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, it focused on regional aircraft like the Dornier 328JET. Fairchild Dornier aimed to compete with Embraer and Bombardier but faced bankruptcy in 2002 due to high costs. Its assets were sold to M7 Aerospace in 2003.

The Dornier 328JET, developed by Fairchild Dornier and first flown in 1998, is a jet-powered version of the turboprop Dornier 328. It seats 32−34 passengers and has a range of up to 3,700 km. Equipped with two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW306B engines, it achieves speeds of 750 km/h and offers fuel efficiency, competing with the Embraer ERJ and Bombardier CRJ. Its short-runway capability suits smaller airports. The Honeywell Primus 2000 avionics enhance safety and handling. Used by airlines like Air Alps and Gandalf Airlines for regional flights, production ceased in 2002 due to Fairchild Dornier’s bankruptcy. Approximately 110 units remain in service, underscoring its reliability.

Do 328Jet

Fokker, founded in 1912 by Anthony Fokker in the Netherlands, became a leading aerospace company of the 20th century. Initially based in Schiedam, it gained fame for producing military aircraft, such as the WWI Dr. I fighter. After relocating to Amsterdam, Fokker shifted focus to civil airliners, achieving success with models in the 1920s and 1930s. In the post-war era, the company developed popular regional aircraft like the F27 and F28. Despite its achievements, financial difficulties led to bankruptcy in 1996. Fokker’s assets were acquired by Stork B.V., with some models continued under Fokker Technologies. The company left a lasting legacy in aviation through innovation and quality.

The Fokker F27 Friendship, first flown in 1955, became one of the most successful turboprop aircraft. Powered by Rolls-Royce Dart engines, it carried 40–56 passengers with a range of up to 2,600 km. Its ability to operate on short runways made it ideal for regional flights. Used by airlines like Ansett Australia, approximately 580 units were produced. The Fokker 50, introduced in 1987, is an upgraded version with Pratt & Whitney Canada PW125B engines, enhanced avionics, and capacity for up to 58 passengers. The F50 retained the F27’s versatility, serving routes in 30 countries. Around 200 units were built. Both aircraft solidified Fokker’s reputation in regional aviation.

F50

F26-500

F27-600

F27-200

The Fokker F28 Fellowship, first flown in 1967, was Fokker’s initial jet aircraft. Powered by Rolls-Royce Spey engines, it carried 65−85 passengers with a range of up to 2,000 km. Its short-runway capability made it popular for regional flights. The Fokker 70, introduced in 1994, was a smaller version with Rolls-Royce Tay engines, seating 70−80 passengers. The Fokker 100, launched in 1988, accommodated up to 109 passengers with a 3,200 km range. Both offered improved avionics and efficiency. Used by airlines like KLM Cityhopper and US Airways, approximately 240 F28, 47 F70, and 280 F100 units were produced, reinforcing Fokker’s standing in regional aviation.

F100

F70

Gippsland Aeronautics, founded in 1977 by Peter Furlong in Morwell, Victoria, is an Australian manufacturer of light aircraft. Based at Latrobe Valley Airport, the company initially focused on aircraft maintenance and modifications for local operators. In the 1980s, it began designing its own models, specializing in agricultural and multi-purpose aircraft. In 2009, Mahindra Aerospace acquired a controlling stake, renaming it GippsAero. Production paused in 2020, but in 2023, George Morgan repurchased the company, restoring its original name. Known for innovation and reliability, Gippsland Aeronautics has supplied aircraft to over 30 countries.

The GippsAero GA8 Airvan, first flown in 1995, is a single-engine utility aircraft designed by GippsAero for rugged conditions. Powered by a Lycoming IO-540 engine (or TIO-540-AH1A in the turbocharged GA8-TC320 variant), it seats up to 8 people, including the pilot, with a range of up to 1,350 km. Engineered for short and unpaved runways, the GA8 is ideal for passenger, cargo, tourism, and rescue operations. Its spacious cabin, large windows, and sliding door ensure accessibility and comfort. Certified under FAA Part 23 standards, the Airvan is used in 30 countries, including Australia and the USA. Approximately 300 units have been produced, highlighting its reliability and demand.

GA8 Airvan

The Ilyushin Design Bureau, founded in 1933 in Moscow, is a leading Russian aerospace enterprise. Established to develop military and civilian aircraft, the bureau gained fame for creating reliable and versatile machines. Under Sergei Ilyushin’s leadership, it produced iconic attack and transport aircraft, bolstering Soviet aviation. Following the USSR’s dissolution, the bureau adapted to new conditions, focusing on modernization and new designs. Now part of the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), the Ilyushin Design Bureau continues to develop aircraft used in dozens of countries, maintaining its reputation for innovation and quality.

The Il-14, developed by the Ilyushin Design Bureau and first flown in 1950, was a pivotal model in Soviet aviation. This twin-engine aircraft, powered by 1,900 hp Shvetsov ASh-82T piston engines, carried 24−36 passengers or 3,000 kg of cargo over a range of up to 2,500 km. With a speed of 430 km/h, the Il-14 was renowned for its reliability and ability to operate from short and unpaved runways, making it ideal for regional flights and military tasks. Used by airlines like Aeroflot and the Soviet Air Force, approximately 1,300 units were produced and exported to 30 countries, including China and Poland. The Il-14 played a significant role in developing regional air routes in the 1950s and 1960s.

IL-14

The Il-18, developed by the Ilyushin Design Bureau and first flown in 1957, was a cornerstone of Soviet aviation. Powered by four 4,000 hp AI-20 turboprop engines, it carried up to 120 passengers over 6,500 km at 650 km/h. Renowned for durability and the ability to operate from unprepared runways, the Il-18 was Aeroflot’s primary airliner for medium- and long-haul routes in the 1960s-1970s. Used in 30 countries, including Egypt and Ghana, for passenger and cargo transport, approximately 800 units were produced. Some Il-18s remain in service for specialized tasks, such as scientific flights, highlighting their reliability and versatility.

IL-18

The Il-62, developed by the Ilyushin Design Bureau and first flown in 1963, was the Soviet Union’s first long-haul jet airliner. Powered by four Kuznetsov NK-8 engines (later AL-7PB), it carried up to 186 passengers over 10,000 km at 900 km/h. Renowned for reliability, it served as Aeroflot’s flagship in the 1960s-1970s, operating transatlantic flights. Its rear-engine design ensured a quiet cabin. Used in 20 countries, including Cuba and Czechoslovakia, 289 units were produced. As of 2025, a few Il-62s remain in service, including aircraft operated by Belarus’s Rada Airlines and the North Korean airline Air Koryo.

IL-62

The Il-76, developed by the Ilyushin Design Bureau and first flown in 1971, became a cornerstone of Soviet and Russian transport aviation. Powered by four D-30KP engines (later PS-90A), it carries up to 60 tons of cargo over 5,000 km at 850 km/h. Renowned for versatility and the ability to operate from short and unpaved runways, the Il-76 is essential for military and humanitarian missions. Used in over 30 countries, including India and China, modernized variants like the Il-76MD-90A feature advanced avionics. Over 950 units have been produced, with many still in service, underscoring the Il-76's reliability and longevity.

IL-76TD-90VD

IL-76TD

The Il-86, developed by the Ilyushin Design Bureau and first flown in 1976, was the Soviet Union’s first wide-body airliner. Powered by four Kuznetsov NK-86 engines with 13,000 kgf thrust, it carried up to 350 passengers over 4,600 km at 900 km/h. Designed for high-capacity medium-haul routes, the Il-86 offered comfort with its spacious cabin. Its unique built-in airstairs enabled faster boarding without ground equipment. Aeroflot, the primary operator, used it for domestic and international flights. A total of 106 units were produced, operating mainly in the USSR and Russia until 2011. The Il-86 laid the foundation for future wide-body airliner development.

IL-86

The Il-96, developed by the Ilyushin Design Bureau and first flown in 1988, is a flagship of Russian long-haul aviation. Powered by four PS-90A engines, it carries up to 300 passengers over 13,000 km at 870 km/h. Designed for intercontinental flights, the Il-96 offers a spacious cabin and reliability. Primarily operated by Aeroflot, it has also served as a VIP transport for state purposes. The modernized Il-96−400M, introduced in the 2020s, features enhanced avionics and increased capacity. Approximately 30 units were produced, used in Russia and Cuba. The Il-96 remains a symbol of Russian aerospace ambition.

IL-96

Learjet, founded in 1959 by William Lear in the USA as Swiss American Aviation Corporation, became a trailblazer in business jet manufacturing. Renamed Learjet in 1962, it relocated to Wichita, Kansas, producing the Learjet 23 and Learjet 25. In 1967, Lear sold 60% of the company to Gates Rubber Company for $ 27 million, forming Gates Learjet Corporation. In 1986, the headquarters moved to Tucson, Arizona. Acquired by Bombardier Aerospace in 1990, aircraft like the Learjet 45 were branded as Bombardier Learjet Family. Production of new Learjets ceased in 2021, but their legacy remains influential.

The Learjet 25, developed by Learjet and first flown in 1966, was an evolution of the pioneering Learjet 23 business jet. Powered by two General Electric CJ610-6 engines, it carried up to 8 passengers with a range of 2,600 km at a speed of 860 km/h. Its compact design and high maneuverability made it popular among private operators and corporate clients. The Learjet 25 was capable of operating from short runways, expanding its versatility. Production occurred under the Learjet brand and later Gates Learjet Corporation after the company’s sale in 1967. Approximately 370 units were produced, used in the USA, Canada, and other countries. The Learjet 25 set the stage for subsequent business jet models.

LearJet 25

The Learjet 45, developed by Bombardier Aerospace and first flown in 1995, became a key model in the Learjet lineup following Bombardier’s acquisition of the company in 1990. Powered by two Honeywell TFE731-20 engines, it accommodates up to 9 passengers with a range of 4,000 km at a speed of 860 km/h. The Learjet 45 combines high performance with comfort, featuring a spacious cabin and advanced avionics, including the Honeywell Primus 1000 system. Its ability to operate from short runways makes it ideal for private and corporate flights. Approximately 450 units were produced, used in the USA, Europe, and other regions. The Learjet 45 solidified the brand’s reputation in business aviation for reliability and efficiency.

LearJet 45

Lockheed Corporation, founded in 1912 by Allan and Malcolm Lockheed in California, became a key player in aerospace. Initially focused on military aircraft like the P-38 Lightning, Lockheed ventured into civil aviation in the 1930s. The Lockheed Constellation (1943), with its elegant design and 8,700 km range, was a success for airlines like TWA. In the 1950s, the Lockheed Electra and JetStar bolstered the company’s civil aviation presence. The L-1011 TriStar, launched in the 1970s and seating up to 400 passengers, competed with the DC-10 but faced challenges due to high costs. In 1995, Lockheed merged with Martin Marietta, forming Lockheed Martin. The company’s civil aircraft laid the foundation for its reputation in innovation.

The Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, first flown in 1970, marked the pinnacle of Lockheed’s civil aviation efforts. This three-engine wide-body airliner, powered by Rolls-Royce RB211 engines, carried up to 400 passengers over 9,900 km at 890 km/h. The TriStar stood out with advanced technologies, including an autoland system and reduced noise levels. Its spacious cabin ensured comfort on long-haul flights. Key operators included Delta Air Lines and TWA. Despite competing with the DC-10, high development costs limited production to 250 units. The L-1011 was operated until the 2000s, leaving a legacy of innovation and reliability.

L-1011

L-1011-500

McDonnell Douglas, formed in 1967 through the merger of Douglas Aircraft and McDonnell Aircraft, became a leading U.S. aerospace manufacturer. Based in Long Beach, California, it gained fame for civil airliners like the DC-8, DC-9, and DC-10. Douglas Aircraft had already shaped commercial aviation before the merger, and McDonnell Douglas continued this legacy with the MD-80 series and MD-11. Its aircraft were renowned for reliability and efficiency, serving airlines such as American Airlines. In 1997, McDonnell Douglas merged with Boeing, ending its independent history, but models like the MD-95 (later Boeing 717) remained in service. The company’s legacy endures in aviation.

The Douglas DC-8, first flown in 1958, was one of Douglas Aircraft’s initial jet airliners. Powered by four Pratt & Whitney JT3D engines (later CFM56 in upgraded models), it carried up to 189 passengers over 11,000 km at 950 km/h. Designed for long-haul flights, the DC-8 competed with the Boeing 707. Its versatility enabled both passenger and cargo operations. Key operators included United Airlines and Delta Air Lines. Variants like the DC-8−60/70 offered increased capacity and range. A total of 556 units were produced, with many in service into the 2010s, particularly as freighters, underscoring the DC-8's reliability and longevity.

DC-8

The Douglas DC-9, first flown in 1965, was a successful jet airliner for short- and medium-haul routes. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT8D engines, it carried up to 139 passengers over 3,000 km at 900 km/h. Renowned for efficiency and reliability, the DC-9 was popular with airlines like Delta Air Lines and Northwest Airlines. Variants such as the DC-9−30 and -50 offered increased capacity. After Douglas merged with McDonnell in 1967, the DC-9 became the foundation for the MD-80 series. Approximately 976 units were produced, with many in service into the 2010s, highlighting the DC-9's durability and versatility.

DC-9-80

DC-9-50

DC-9-40

DC-9-30

The MD-80 series, developed by McDonnell Douglas and first flown in 1979, is an upgraded version of the DC-9. Comprising the MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, MD-87, and MD-88 models, it seated 130−172 passengers with a range of up to 5,400 km at 870 km/h. Powered by Pratt & Whitney JT8D-200 engines, the MD-80 was known for efficiency and reliability. Enhanced avionics and an updated cabin ensured passenger comfort. Major operators included American Airlines and Delta Air Lines. Approximately 1,200 units were produced, with many in service until 2020. The MD-80 laid the groundwork for the Boeing 717 after the Boeing merger, solidifying McDonnell Douglas’s legacy in regional aviation.

MD-90

MD-80

MD-87

The DC-10, developed by McDonnell Douglas and first flown in 1970, was a key wide-body airliner. Powered by three General Electric CF6 engines (or Pratt & Whitney JT9D), it carried up to 380 passengers over 10,000 km at 900 km/h. Designed for long- and medium-haul flights, the DC-10 competed with the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. Its versatility enabled both passenger and cargo operations. Major operators included American Airlines and FedEx (for the freighter variant). A total of 446 units were produced, including the military KC-10 Extender variant. The DC-10 remained in service until 2014, underscoring its reliability and longevity.

DC-10-40

DC-10-30

DC-10-10

The MD-11, developed by McDonnell Douglas and first flown in 1990, was an advanced version of the DC-10. Powered by three General Electric CF6 or Pratt & Whitney PW4000 engines, it carried up to 410 passengers over 12,600 km at 870 km/h. The MD-11 featured enhanced avionics, including a digital cockpit, and improved fuel efficiency. It was used for long-haul passenger and cargo flights by airlines such as KLM and FedEx. A total of 200 units were produced, with many still operating as freighters. The MD-11 reinforced McDonnell Douglas’s reputation for reliable wide-body aircraft.

MD-11F

MD-11

The Mil Design Bureau, founded in 1947 in Moscow by Mikhail Mil, is a premier developer of helicopters in Russia. Specializing in single-rotor designs, it launched the Soviet Union’s first mass-produced helicopter, the Mi-1, in 1952. In 1951, the bureau gained production facilities in Sokolniki, later relocating to Tomilino, Moscow Region. Today, as part of JSC "National Helicopter Center Mil and Kamov" within the Russian Helicopters holding, it designs civil and military helicopters used in 80 countries. The bureau’s innovations and reliability have established it as a global leader in helicopter manufacturing.

The Mi-8, developed by the Mil Design Bureau and first flown in 1961, is one of the world’s most widely used helicopters. Powered by two TV2−117 engines (later TV3−117), it carries up to 24 passengers or 4,000 kg of cargo over 600 km at 250 km/h. Renowned for reliability and operation in harsh conditions, including high altitudes and extreme temperatures, the Mi-8 serves passenger, cargo, military, and rescue missions in over 50 countries. Modernized variants, such as the Mi-8MTV and Mi-17, feature advanced avionics. Over 17,000 units have been produced, highlighting the Mi-8's versatility and durability.

Mi-8T

Pilatus Aircraft Ltd, founded in 1939 in Stans, Switzerland, is a leading manufacturer of niche-market aircraft. Initially established to serve the Swiss Air Force, the company expanded into designing aircraft like the SB-2 Pelikan and P-3. In 1979, Pilatus acquired Britten-Norman, broadening its portfolio. Specializing in short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft, it gained fame with models like the PC-6 Porter, PC-12, and PC-24. In 2000, Pilatus transitioned to Swiss investor ownership, and in 2013, it established a subsidiary in China. Pilatus aircraft are operated in 50 countries, underscoring the company’s reputation for innovation and reliability.

The Pilatus PC-12, first flown in 1991, is a single-engine turboprop aircraft designed by Pilatus Aircraft for multi-purpose operations. Powered by a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67 engine, it carries up to 9 passengers or 1,500 kg of cargo over 3,400 km at 530 km/h. The PC-12 excels in short and unpaved runway operations, making it ideal for regional, cargo, and medical missions. Its spacious cabin and modern avionics, including the Garmin G1000, ensure comfort and safety. Used in 60 countries by operators like PlaneSense, over 2,000 units have been produced, highlighting its reliability and popularity.

PC-12/47E

PC-12/47

PC-12/45

Piper Aircraft, founded in 1927 by William Piper in Rochester, New York, as Taylor Brothers Aircraft, became a key manufacturer of light aircraft. Renamed Piper in 1937, it relocated to Vero Beach, Florida, in the 1950s. The company gained fame with models like the Piper Cub, Cherokee, and Saratoga, designed for private pilots, flight schools, and regional transport. In 2009, Piper underwent restructuring, continuing production under the Brunei Investment Agency. Piper aircraft are operated in 90 countries, known for ease of handling and affordability. The company maintains its legacy through modern avionics and reliable designs.

The Piper PA-31 Navajo, first flown in 1964, is a twin-engine aircraft designed by Piper Aircraft for business and regional aviation. Powered by Lycoming TIO-540 engines with 300−350 hp, it carries up to 7 passengers or 900 kg of cargo over 2,400 km at 420 km/h. The Navajo is known for its versatility, short-runway capability, and reliability in challenging conditions. Variants like the PA-31−350 Chieftain offered increased capacity. Used for charter flights, cargo transport, and medical missions in 40 countries, approximately 1,800 units were produced, highlighting the PA-31's success in the light aviation sector.

PA-31-350

SAAB (Svenska Aeroplan Aktiebolaget), founded in 1937 in Linköping, Sweden, gained renown as a manufacturer of military and civil aircraft. Its civil aviation division, based in Linköping, focused on regional turboprop airliners. In the 1980s, SAAB launched the Saab 340, followed by the Saab 2000 in the 1990s, both noted for reliability and efficiency. These aircraft, seating 34−50 passengers, served regional routes in 30 countries. In 2001, SAAB ceased civil aircraft production to focus on military aviation but continues to support the 340 and 2000 fleets. SAAB remains a symbol of Swedish innovation in aviation.

The SAAB 340, first flown in 1983, is a turboprop aircraft designed by SAAB for regional routes. Powered by two General Electric CT7−9B engines, it carries 33−37 passengers over 1,730 km at 460 km/h. The SAAB 340 is known for its efficiency and ability to operate from short runways, making it ideal for small airports. Modern avionics and a comfortable cabin ensure safety and convenience. Used by airlines like Regional Express (Australia) and Widerøe (Norway) in 30 countries, approximately 460 units were produced, with many still in service, underscoring the SAAB 340's reliability and popularity.

SAAB 340

The SAAB 2000, first flown in 1992, is an advanced turboprop aircraft designed by SAAB for regional routes. Powered by two Allison AE 2100A engines, it carries 50−58 passengers over 2,870 km at 665 km/h, making it one of the fastest turboprop airliners. The SAAB 2000 features upgraded Rockwell Collins avionics and a spacious cabin for enhanced comfort. Its short-runway capability suits smaller airports. Operated by airlines like Crossair and Braathens Regional in 20 countries, 63 units were produced, with many still in service, highlighting the SAAB 2000's efficiency and reliability.

SAAB 2000

Short Brothers, founded in 1908 by Horace, Eustace, and Oswald Short in London, was the world’s first company to mass-produce aircraft. Initially building airships, Short Brothers transitioned to airplanes, launching the Short No.1 in 1909. In the 1930s, it gained fame for flying boats like the Short Empire, used by Imperial Airways for transatlantic routes. In the 1960s, the Short SC.7 Skyvan and Short 330 became popular for regional and cargo transport. Relocating to Belfast in 1948, the company was acquired by Bombardier in 1989. Civil aircraft production ceased, but Short Brothers remains a leader in aerospace components.

The Short 360, first flown in 1981, is a turboprop aircraft designed by Short Brothers for regional transport. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65R engines (PT6A-67R in the 360−300), it carries up to 39 passengers or 5 LD3 containers in the 360-300 °F freighter variant over 1,300 km at 400 km/h. Based on the Short 330, it features an extended fuselage. Its short-runway capability suits small airports. Used by airlines like Air Seychelles and Loganair in 20 countries, about 165 units were produced. As of 2025, several 360-300F freighters remain active, including those operated by Air Cargo Carriers, underscoring the Short 360's reliability.

Short 360

Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company (SCAC), established in 2000 in Moscow as a division of UAC, specializes in civil aircraft development. In 2023, SCAC was integrated into PJSC Yakovlev. Its flagship project is the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ100), a regional jet that first flew in 2008. Designed for 98 passengers, the SSJ100 was Russia’s first post-Soviet civil aircraft. Based in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the company produced over 200 SSJ100 units, operated in Russia and abroad. SCAC focuses on import substitution, incorporating Russian PD-8 engines and avionics.

The Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ100), first flown in 2008, is a regional jet developed by Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company. Powered by two PowerJet SaM146 engines, it carries up to 98 passengers over 4,400 km at 870 km/h. Featuring Thales avionics and a comfortable cabin, the SSJ100 competes with Embraer E-Jets. Its short-runway capability suits regional airports. Key operators include Rossiya and Azimuth. Over 200 units have been produced.

SSJ 100

PJSC Tupolev, founded in 1922 by Andrei Tupolev in Moscow, is one of Russia’s oldest aerospace enterprises. Part of UAC, the company gained fame for civil airliners like the Tu-104, the Soviet Union’s first jet passenger aircraft, and the Tu-154, a mainstay of Aeroflot’s fleet in the 1970s-1980s. Tupolev also developed the long-haul Tu-204 and its variants. Its aircraft, operated in 40 countries, are known for reliability and adaptability. Today, Tupolev focuses on modernizing models like the Tu-214 and supporting existing fleets, reinforcing its reputation in civil aviation.

The Tu-104, developed by Tupolev Design Bureau and first flown in 1955, was the Soviet Union’s first jet passenger airliner. Powered by two Mikulin AM-3M engines, it carried up to 100 passengers over 2,700 km at 950 km/h. Derived from the Tu-16 bomber, the Tu-104 enabled Aeroflot to compete with Western airlines. It significantly reduced flight times, though early models faced safety and comfort limitations. Operated in the USSR and Czechoslovakia until the 1980s, approximately 200 units were produced. The Tu-104 laid the foundation for Soviet civil jet aviation.

Tu-104B

Tu-104A

The Tu-134, developed by Tupolev Design Bureau and first flown in 1963, was one of the Soviet Union’s most successful regional airliners. Powered by two Soloviev D-30 engines, it carried up to 84 passengers over 3,300 km at 850 km/h. Designed as a successor to the Tu-124, the Tu-134 featured improved aerodynamics and comfort. Its small airfields capability made it popular for domestic and international flights with Aeroflot and Eastern European airlines. Approximately 850 units were produced, operated in 40 countries into the 2010s. Some Tu-134s remain in use for specialized tasks, highlighting their durability.

Tu-134B

Tu-134A

Tu-134

The Tu-154, developed by Tupolev Design Bureau and first flown in 1968, was the Soviet Union’s primary medium-haul airliner. Powered by three Soloviev D-30KU engines (later NK-8−2), it carried up to 180 passengers over 3,900 km at 900 km/h. The Tu-154 formed the basis of the Aeroflot fleet in the 1970s-1990s. Variants like the Tu-154M improved range and avionics. Operated in 40 countries, including Poland and China, approximately 1,000 units were produced, with some can still be found in the sky. The Tu-154 remains a symbol of Soviet civil aviation.

Tu-154M

Tu-154B

The Tu-204, developed by Tupolev Design Bureau and first flown in 1989, is a medium-haul jet airliner carrying up to 210 passengers over 6,800 km at 850 km/h. Powered by PS-90A engines, it was designed to compete with the Boeing 737. The Tu-214, introduced in 1996, is a modified version with an extended fuselage and enhanced avionics, optimized for cargo and special-purpose flights. Both are operated by Red Wings and Russia’s special flight detachment. Approximately 90 units were produced, including cargo and VIP variants. Used in Russia and Cuba, the Tu-204/214 continue to be modernized, underscoring their role in Russian aviation.

Tu-214

Tu-204C

Tu-204-100

Tu-204-300

Yakovlev Design Bureau, founded in 1934 as the Yakovlev Design Bureau in Moscow, initially focused on military aircraft but expanded into civil aviation in the 1960s. In 2004, it joined the Irkut Corporation, renamed PJSC Yakovlev in 2023 under UAC. Key civil models include the Yak-40, the world’s first regional jet airliner, and the Yak-42, a medium-haul aircraft. The Yak-40 carried up to 32 passengers, while the Yak-42 accommodated 120, serving Aeroflot and Eastern European airlines. Approximately 1,000 Yak-40s and 180 Yak-42s were produced, operated in 20 countries. Yakovlev solidified its reputation for reliability and innovation.

The Yak-40, developed by the Yakovlev Design Bureau and first flown in 1966, was the world’s first regional jet airliner. Powered by three AI-25 engines, it carried up to 32 passengers over 1,800 km at 550 km/h. The Yak-40 was distinguished by its ability to operate from short and unpaved runways, making it ideal for small Soviet airports. Aeroflot was the primary operator, alongside airlines in Eastern Europe and Asia. Approximately 1,000 units were produced, used in 20 countries. Yak-40 aircraft are still in use today, highlighting their reliability and longevity.

Yak-40

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